SYSTEM DYNAMICS AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ERRORS
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- SYLLABUS
- TEXT BOOK BY A.K SAWHNEY
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SYLLABUS :
Measurements and Measurement Systems: What is measurement – Measuring Instruments and measurement systems – Functional elements and Block diagram of a measurement system – Classification of the measuring instruments - Specifications of Instruments – Standards of measurement – International system of units- Calibration of measuring instruments.
Characteristics of Measurement Systems: Static Characteristics of a measurement System – Dynamic Characteristics of a measurement system – Mathematical modeling of a measurement system – Order of the measurement System – Transfer function of a measurement system – System response for standard test signals – response of first and second order systems to the standard test signals.
PrimarySensing Elements and Transduces: Mechanical Sensors-Springs -Cantilever- Torsion bars-Proving rings-Load cells. Elastic pressure sensors – Diaphragms – Capsules – Bellows – Bourdon Tubes and Flapper-Nozzle sensors.Temperature sensors –Filled in thermometers and Bi-metal thermometers. Flow sensors-Head flow sensors – Orifice – Venturi – Pitot tube – Variable area flow sensor- Rotameters and Piston meters.
Electrical Sensors: Resistive sensors – Potentiometers – Strain gauge elements - wire wound and semiconductor types– Resistive temperature sensors (RTDs and Thermistors)–– Capacitive sensors- Variable area – Variable distance – Variable dielectric type sensors. Inductive sensors- Variable reluctance type– Linear variable differential transformers.Hall Effect sensors-Magentostrictive sensors-Piezo electric sensors-Thermoelectric sensors- Photo electric sensors and their applications.
Errors in measurement systems and their statistical analysis:Types of errors -Limiting errors-Gross errors-Systematic errors-Random errors. Sources of errors – Methods of minimization /elimination of errors- Statistical analysis of errors –arithmetic mean-Standard deviation-variance.Error analysis using Normal or Gaussian distribution laws-Precision index-Confidence interval and Confidence level-Rejection of data based on Chauvenet’s criterion and confidence intervals. Methods of least squares, Variance and standard deviation of combination of components. Uncertainty analysis and treatment of single sample data-Propagation of uncertainties.
Text Books:
1. A Course in Mechanical Measurements and Instrumentation – A.K.Sawhney
2. Instrumentation-Devices and Systems--C. S. Rangan,G. R. Sarma,V. S. V. Mani
Reference Books
- Measurement Systems: Application and Design – E.O.Doeblin..
- Transducers and Instrumentation-D.V.S.Murthy
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